Initial evaluation often involves a detailed review of symptoms, medical history, and a physical examination focused on signs of aortic disease. Echocardiography is used to visualize the heart and aorta, helping to identify aneurysms, dissections, or coarctation. Computed Tomography (CT) angiography provides detailed images of the aorta, allowing for precise measurement of aneurysms and identification of dissections. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) offers additional detailed views, especially useful in assessing the aorta’s structure and blood flow without radiation exposure. Cardiac catheterization might be performed to measure pressures within the heart and aorta and to assess the coronary arteries before surgery.

For aortic aneurysms, surgical repair or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR/TEVAR) is selected based on the aneurysm’s location and size. Aortic dissection requires emergency surgery for Type A dissections, focusing on replacing the damaged aorta segment with a graft, while Type B dissections may be managed with medication or endovascular procedures. Aortic root surgery may involve replacing the aortic root and valve with a composite graft in cases of aneurysm or dissection affecting the root. Coarctation of the aorta is treated through surgical repair or balloon angioplasty and stenting to relieve the narrowing. Ongoing management for patients with Marfan syndrome or other connective tissue disorders includes monitoring and treating aortic dilation to prevent dissection.

Regular follow-up imaging studies, such as CT scans or MRIs, are critical to monitor the repaired or replaced aorta and detect any new issues. Patients must adhere to prescribed medication regimens to control blood pressure and reduce stress on the aorta. Lifestyle modifications, including a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise within physician-recommended limits, and smoking cessation, support overall recovery and health. Awareness of symptoms that could indicate complications, such as sudden chest pain or back pain, is crucial for seeking timely medical attention. Participation in genetic counseling and testing may be recommended for patients with familial patterns of aortic disease.

You’ll undergo a comprehensive evaluation to assess your aortic condition, including discussion of any symptoms and review of prior medical tests. Diagnostic tests, such as echocardiography, CT angiography, or MRI, will be scheduled to determine the extent of your aortic disease. The surgical team will discuss potential treatment options, including the risks and benefits of surgery versus endovascular procedures. Preoperative planning will include detailed instructions on preparing for surgery and what to expect during recovery. You’ll have the opportunity to address any questions or concerns regarding your condition, treatment options, and long-term management.